Brain Fog Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments
“I feel I’m just getting by on autopilot. I feel delayed with my actions and reactions to questions and situations.”
“It’s almost identical to what I go through when I’m awakened from a dream–just total bewilderment and almost complete inability to process anything that’s going on.”
“Sometimes I am very far off. I’ll pause and get confused in the middle of doing things. I’m drowsy all the time and just don’t know what’s going on.”
“I feel heavy on the front of my head, unrefreshed, similar to a hangover or jet lag.”
“I feel like Dory in Finding Nemo.”
If any of these sound familiar, then you know what “brain fog” feels like. Brain fog is a symptom—not a diagnosis or disease. It leaves a person temporarily unable to concentrate or think clearly.
Not all brain fog is created equally: anything from stress to dehydration to a urinary tract infection (UTI) can cause mild, temporary brain fog. COVID-19 itself may be increasing rates of a particular kind of brain fog seen in “long-haul” COVID cases.
Regardless of the cause, the forecast for the brain remains the same: foggy, forgetful, and fuzzy around the edges.
Fortunately, new treatments, such as the innovative hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) medical protocol at The Brain & Performance Centre, a DP World Company, may offer relief from brain fog. Understanding brain fog causes, symptoms, and tips to manage brain fog can help you take charge of this difficult cognitive condition.
What Is Brain Fog?
Brain fog describes a feeling of confusion and forgetfulness, as well as a lack of mental focus. The effects of brain fog can range from mildly annoying to completely debilitating.
The term “brain fog” can refer to isolated or minor cognitive effects that last hours or days. Still, it can also refer to significant, constant, and debilitating cognitive struggles.
What Causes Brain Fog?
Brain fog isn’t a specific medical diagnosis, but a side effect of an emotional or medical condition.
Your mental muddiness may be for more common reasons:
- Stress—Stress impacts the entire body—the brain included. When stress becomes chronic, it can negatively affect the brain, inhibiting it from functioning at an optimal level.
- Lack of sleep—Another obvious, but often overlooked, cause of brain fog is lack of sleep. Sleep deprivation interrupts the brain cells’ ability to communicate with one another, resulting in a lack of focus or clarity. More severe sleep issues, such as sleep apnea, can also cause brain fog and cognitive decline.
- Hormones—Menopause is known for wreaking havoc on the brain. The drop in estrogen levels can trigger memory and concentration issues. Hormonal changes are also known to exacerbate sleep deprivation, which may contribute to brain fog. Learn more about menopause and brain health.
- Diet—Some food allergies have been shown to contribute to brain fog. In addition, a vitamin B12 deficiency (which supports healthy brain function) can drive brain fog. Depression and fatigue are noted as common symptoms in research studies.
- Medications—Medications, especially psychiatric and antibiotics, can have side effects that impact brain performance. This is especially common in older adults whose metabolic process is slower, making them more sensitive to medications.
When Should You Be Worried about Brain Fog?
A sign that your brain fog may be cause for concern is when memory problems and other cognitive issues interfere with normal functioning. People with mild cognitive decline and/or early stages of dementia may find they have difficulty completing simple, everyday tasks like paying bills.
This infographic from the National Institute on Aging details some common differences between normal aging and signs of serious memory loss.
Brain Fog and COVID-19
Experiencing brain fog long after recovering from COVID-19 is common. As The Brain & Performance Centre physician Dr. Mohammed Elamir, MD, FACP, explains, there is a link between where the COVID-19 virus attacks the brain and how that impacted location affects long COVID symptoms.
If you’ve had COVID-19 and haven’t felt the same since, reach out to a trusted physician.
Your physician may ask about:
- Your current physical activity levels
- Medications or supplements you’re taking
- Possible nutritional deficiencies
- Possible infections and inflammatory diseases/conditions
- A timeline of symptoms
- How symptoms have changed over time
Your doctor may also request a blood test, CT scan, or advanced MRI.
What Can You Do to Fight Brain Fog?
Brain fog may be a sign that your body isn’t operating at peak performance, much like when you get sick with a cold or flu. The brain needs constant oxygen, the right supply of nutrients, and rest in order to function well.
When we fall short in one area of health, it’s easy to spiral out of control. Looking at the list of causes for brain fog, the cycle becomes clear: lack of sleep can lead to stress, which can lead to poor diet, and so on.
Often, the key to managing brain fog lies in good self-care. To ensure general health and wellness, try to:
- Manage stress—Many people find meditation helpful in dealing with stress.
- Eat a variety of healthy foods—Maintain a diet rich in vitamins and nutrients.
- Get enough sleep—What qualifies as a “good night’s rest” varies from person to person, so figure out what is right for you and stick to it.
- Maintain physical activity—Exercise has proven benefits for the brain. Start with 30 minutes per session, three days per week.
- Drink enough water every day—Some cases of brain fog are due to simple dehydration.
- Challenge the brain with games, puzzles, or novel experiences—Here’s a free brain training game to get you started.
- Try intermittent fasting. Many report that intermittent fasting helps clear brain fog and sharpen the mind.
Unique Medical Protocol at The Brain & Performance Centre
An effective cognitive treatment plan may involve hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in combination with cognitive, nutritional, and physiological protocol. The Brain & Performance Centres’ science-based treatment protocol helps to enhance brain performance and reduce brain fog for many conditions like traumatic brain injuries, fibromyalgia, Lyme, and dementia.
Based on over a decade of research and development, the intensive treatment protocol is customized to your needs. Aviv Clinics in central Florida is the only centre in the United States to offer this programme.
Get Back to Optimal Cognitive Health with The Brain & Performance Centre
For more guidance on managing your self-care and staying healthy, contact The Brain & Performance Centre. Our diverse medical team will be happy to provide the personalized care you need to get back to optimal health.
The Impact of Menopause on Brain Health
Menopause is a normal part of aging. It’s a major natural milestone in any woman’s life. Yet, its full effects on health often go undiscussed. While it impacts everyone differently, the link between menopause and the brain is sometimes overlooked—specifically its influence on cognitive function, mental health, energy levels, and sleep patterns.
Whether you are approaching menopause, in the midst of it, or supporting someone who is, understanding its effects on brain health can help maintain overall well-being during this transformative time. Knowing what’s happening in the mind and body can make preparing for and embracing this stage of life easier.
Join us as we uncover holistic approaches to menopause treatment to help you navigate these changes with grace and optimism.
Hormonal Changes During Menopause
As we enter menopause, the body goes through significant hormonal shifts. This natural transition marks the end of reproductive years and the start of a new chapter. Estrogen and progesterone levels fluctuate and eventually decrease, affecting many aspects of health, including brain function.
Science shows that the menopausal transition actually “reshapes the neural landscape of the female brain.” This means the brain actively adjusts to the new hormonal environment. It does this to maintain its:
- Structure
- Connections
- Energy use
- Cognitive functions
This period of change isn’t necessarily about loss or decline. Instead, it’s a time of neuroplasticity—the brain is literally rewiring itself to adapt to a new phase of life.
However, this adaptation process can certainly bring about challenges for cognitive and emotional well-being.
The Interconnected Nature of Hormonal Changes
The hormonal shifts of menopause create a ripple effect throughout the body. The same changes impacting energy levels can influence sexual health or mood stability.
The brain’s emotional response to these changes has significant influence as well. Sexual health changes can affect emotional well-being, which in turn could impact cognitive function. Similarly, changes to cognitive function might influence how one perceives and experiences their sexual health.
By recognizing that these various health changes are all due to the same transformative process, we can approach menopause with a more holistic perspective.
Cognitive Health and Menopause
Many women notice changes in their memory and concentration during menopause. You might find yourself forgetting names or misplacing items often. Mood swings and changes in mental health may occur more frequently or more intensely than before.
It’s normal to worry that these symptoms could indicate the early stages of severe cognitive decline or disorders. Rest assured, while this menopausal brain fog can be very frustrating, these experiences are common. However, this is important to note in the broader landscape of women’s brain health.
The Risk of Cognitive Decline
“Women make up an estimated 65% of people” currently living with dementia, a condition characterized by a decline in cognitive function. Researchers are still working to understand exactly why more women than men are affected. Because menopausal women demonstrate a sharper decline in memory function, it is currently believed menopause “plays a significant role in shaping memory function.”
Symptoms of menopause can be extra challenging for the brain and body, such as changes in:
- Mental health
- Sleep disturbances
- Energy levels
These factors, combined with the decrease in estrogen levels, can contribute to the brain’s increased vulnerability to damage and decline.
Keep in mind this doesn’t mean cognitive decline is inevitable for women undergoing menopause. Some menopause treatments and lifestyle changes can strengthen the brain’s resilience and well-being. Seeking a cognitive evaluation is an important step.
Assessing Cognitive Function
Some fluctuations in memory and focus are common as we age, but it’s vital to understand and assess the potential impact of menopause on the brain. There are steps you can take:
- Self-Monitoring: Pay attention to changes in memory, problem-solving skills, or ability to focus. It’s helpful to track your observations in a journal.
- Regular Medical Visits: Discuss cognitive concerns with your doctor, who can perform initial screenings and provide insights over time.
- Cognitive Assessments: Seek standardized cognitive tests, including neuropsychological evaluations and brain imaging tests, to track and rule out other causes of cognitive decline.
Early assessment can lead to better management strategies if symptoms of menopause, like brain fog and significant changes in mental health, become a major concern.
Mental Well-Being
Menopause can be an emotional rollercoaster. You might find yourself feeling irritable one moment and tearful the next or experiencing a sense of loss during this time.
There are reasons for this, such as transitioning to a new stage of life, adapting to a changing body, and feeling shifts in libido. Mood swings, anxiety, and depression are not just “in your head.” They’re real, valid responses to changes happening in the body—your brain is responding naturally to hormonal shifts.
Science shows that “menopause increases vulnerability to depression and anxiety.” This is because of the way the decrease in hormones affects important neurotransmitters responsible for regulating mood and emotions.
Seeking support is a proactive step towards taking care of yourself, but it’s also an important step in managing menopause and your brain health during this time. This may be as simple as talking to a friend or as significant as consulting with health professionals.
Reaching out can support both your emotional well-being and cognitive function.
Energy and Sleep Problems in Menopause
It’s common to feel more tired than usual. Menopause and exhaustion often go hand in hand. The associated sleep problems and overwhelming fatigue can be frustrating and draining.
Night sweats can disrupt sleep, while menopause insomnia might have you tossing and turning for hours. These sleep disturbances lead to daytime fatigue, impacting your mood and even cognitive abilities during waking hours.
The fatigue and exhaustion you might be experiencing are more than just being tired. They’re closely tied to menopause and brain health. Chronic lack of sleep inhibits the body’s capabilities over time. Research finds that, in the brain, this can result in “toxin build-up which can negatively affect the cognitive performance” in areas like:
- Memory
- Attention
- Focus
- Decision making
- Mental sharpness
Remember, menopause and its extreme fatigue do not have to be your daily reality. Addressing menopause sleep problems is important not just for your energy levels, but also for long-term brain health.
Managing Menopause Symptoms for Optimal Brain Health
Menopause brings many changes, but there are many strategies to alleviate some of the uncomfortable and concerning outcomes. Managing these changes can have a positive impact on the symptoms of menopause and brain health, including cognitive function. There is no one-size-fits-all approach to managing menopause and supporting brain health.
Hormonal Management and Brain Health
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) can be an effective option for some women in alleviating menopause symptoms, including those affecting brain health. It can help with hot flashes, night sweats, and mood changes, improving sleep quality and reducing fatigue.
Like any medical treatment, HRT comes with both potential benefits and risks and can have varying effects on cognitive function:
- Potential Cognitive Benefits:
Some studies suggest that HRT, particularly when initiated near the onset of menopause, may have a beneficial effect on cognitive function in women, especially those with a genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease (e.g., carriers of the APOE-e4 gene). It may help maintain cognitive function, including memory, attention, and verbal skills.
- Potential Cognitive Risks:
For other women, especially if HRT is initiated later in life or after a long gap post-menopause, there may be an increased risk of cognitive decline or worsening cognitive function. The timing of HRT initiation (often referred to as the “critical window hypothesis”) plays a crucial role in determining its cognitive effects.
Large clinical trials, such as the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), have shown that HRT, particularly estrogen-progestin therapy, may be associated with an increased risk of dementia when started in women aged 65 or older.
Individual Variation:
The effect of HRT on cognition is influenced by factors such as age, the timing of therapy initiation, type of hormones used (estrogen alone vs. combined with progesterone), duration of therapy, and individual genetic makeup.
For women at genetic risk of Alzheimer’s, personalized assessment by a healthcare provider is essential to weigh the potential benefits against the risks.
Medical interventions like these are highly individual. It’s important to have an open conversation with your doctor about whether HRT is right for you, considering its potential impact on brain health.
Non-Hormonal Approaches to Brain Health
There are many other ways to approach menopause management. Other menopause treatment strategies can be used individually or in combination with lifestyle changes, depending on your specific needs and preferences. Most importantly, you feel empowered to choose menopause management strategies and support your personal health and goals.
These menopause management strategies offer different options to support your well-being in your daily life.
Lifestyle Changes
- Physical Activity: Healthy practices like exercise “can improve memory and reduce anxiety or depression.” It increases blood flow to the brain and may promote neuroplasticity.
- Nutrition: A balanced diet in brain-healthy foods, like omega-3 fatty acids, can support overall health and cognitive function during menopause.
- Stress Management: Techniques that manage stress, like meditation, yoga, and mindfulness practices, can improve sleep quality and potentially support brain health.
- Cognitive Training: Engaging in mentally stimulating activities, learning new skills, and doing challenging puzzles may offset menopause-related changes in the brain.
Homeopathy and Supplements
Some find relief from menopause symptoms through homeopathic remedies. Studies show that “quality of life improves with homeopathic treatments for hot flashes,” but more research is needed to understand the full impact on symptoms.
Certain supplements may support brain health during menopause. B-complex vitamins are beneficial, while adaptogens may help the brain “cope with different forms of stress” on your system.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is an innovative treatment that involves breathing 100% pure oxygen in a pressurized environment. In combination with a holistic and personalized medical program, it’s been proven to support brain health during aging, which could be particularly relevant during the menopausal stage.
Research has shown HBOT “induced cognitive enhancements in healthy aging adults” and increased brain plasticity. It may also benefit other symptoms of menopause by potentially addressing menopause brain fog, mental health, energy levels, sleep quality, and overall well-being.
Embracing Menopause with Hope
Remember, menopause is not just an ending. It’s also a beginning—a new chapter in life filled with potential for growth and renewed vitality. As you navigate this transition, approach it with patience. Staying informed and open to menopause treatment strategies can support your brain health and overall well-being during menopause and beyond.
A holistic approach to managing menopause and the brain, potentially combining HBOT with other strategies like exercise, nutrition, and cognitive training, may offer the best support for your cognitive health during this important life transition. This is the approach at The Brain and Performance Centre, a DP World company.
Learn more about reverse aging through the holistic Brain & Performance Centre program, and contact our clinic to discover how you can approach the cognitive changes of menopause with grace and hope.
